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Polymer Processing Methods

By Lenna Stockwell


Plastic is all around us. Parts of our computers and smartphones are made out of plastic, thousands of products are protected using plastic packaging, and even parts of our cars are made from plastic. There are many different polymers that make up these plastics, and not only are the polymers different, the method by which products are made varies as well. Here are a few examples of how plastic is created and processed.

If you are planning on producing a large number of items, injection molding might be an option for you to consider. While injection molding can be used to create products out of metal or glass, plastic is the most common material. Granules of thermoplastic, which is plastic that becomes moldable when heated, are melted and then injected into molds and then cooled. Once cooled, the product is ejected from the mold and the process starts again with more melted plastic. The end result is very high quality, but the cost for injection molding is quite high, which is why companies often opt to use thermoforming to create their products.

Thousands of items are created each day using a process known as thermoforming, and it has some similarities to injection molding. Instead of using granules of plastic, this is a procedure where plastic sheets are heated and then formed into a specific shape. A mold of the product or package is created, and then the heated plastic is fitted inside and the excess plastic is trimmed away. Thermoforming companies produce products for virtually every industry, including food companies, retail companies, electronics manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies and agricultural companies.

Depending on your needs, there are multiple ways to complete the process of thermoforming. Vacuum forming is an excellent and cost effective option for those who need larger parts, prototype parts and items that simply don't have a large amount of detail. The plastic sheets are heated and then vacuum pulls the pliable thermoplastic down into the mold where it is fitted, cooled and trimmed.

Sometimes vacuum forming isn't enough and you need to add pressure as well to move along the formation process. This is known as pressure forming, and it is an ideal process when you are making plastic products with a large amount of detail, such as a molded texture or perhaps raised or recessed type on your product. The addition of pressure along with the force of the vacuum really pushes that plastic down into the mold.

Because this can be a complicated process, look for a thermoforming specialist that provides you with help at all stages. This includes assisting with development and design, as well as the actually production process. When calculating the total cost, many factors are considered including the type of plastic that you need as well as the amount of products that are being created. Whether you opt for injection molding, vacuum forming or pressure forming, this also affects the total cost.




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